, 1992 and Bader and Wrbitzky, 2006). Based on these extrapolated CEV concentrations, the proportions above the reference value were used. For the non-smokers, the reference value is clearly defined in the literature, i.e. 10 pmol/g globin (Kraus et al., 2009). In contrast,

for smokers, the reference value in the general population is less unequivocal (Kraus et al., 2009). For this study, an extrapolated CEV concentration of 200 pmol/g globin was used as cut-off for the smokers. CEV concentrations above the reference value of 10 pmol/g globin were observed in 37.3% of the non-smokers in the EZ as compared to 11.5% of the ‘Controls’ outside the EZ. The 95th percentiles were 635 and 22 pmol/g globin, respectively (Table 4). In contrast, in the smokers (Table 5), the proportion Adriamycin mouse exceeding www.selleckchem.com/products/LBH-589.html the reference value of 200 pmol/g globin was higher in the ‘Controls’ outside the EZ (68.4%) as compared to the EZ (40.0%). The 95th percentiles and the maxima, however, were higher in the EZ than in the ‘Controls’. To verify whether the CEV concentrations above the reference values in the group of ‘Controls’ outside the EZ could be explained by misclassification by residential address and/or by occupational exposure to ACN, an additional interview was done in all three

non-smokers and in 8 of the 13 smokers. Two of the non-smokers and 5 of the 8 smokers reported they had been in the EZ at the time of or in the days following the train accident.

None of the persons was working in the production of polymers, …. occupationally. Five smokers did not participate in the additional interview and thus kept Histamine H2 receptor the classification ‘outside the EZ’ as based on their residential address. After correction for localisation as obtained by the additional interview (Table 4), one (4.2%, CEV concentration of 16 pmol/g globin) of the remaining non-smokers outside the EZ had CEV concentrations above the reference value in contrast with 37.3% in the EZ (Chi-square test, P value = 0.003). In the remaining smokers outside the EZ ( Table 5), 57.1% kept CEV concentrations above the reference value, as compared to 40.0% in the smokers of the EZ (Chi-square test, P value = 0.394). In zone 1 (EZ1) and zone 2 (EZ2), 50.0% and 35.0% of the non-smokers (Table 4) had CEV values above the reference level of 10 pmol/g globin, respectively (Chi-square test, P value = 0.310). In zone 1 (EZ1), the concentrations did not exceed a remarkably low maximum of 65 pmol/g globin, the 95th percentile being 36 pmol/g globin. In contrast, in zone 2 (EZ2), the highest CEV concentrations of the whole local population were observed.