Surprisingly, as shown in our and other previous studies, ifenprodil, an antagonist of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors, fails to inhibit depotentiation(ex vivo) at a saturating concentration (10 mu M), although it has been suggested that GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors are required for fear extinction. Because ifenprodil is also known to act on other molecular Selleckchem AG14699 targets in addition to GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors, especially at high concentrations (i.e., >= 10 mu M), the ineffectiveness of 10 mu M of ifenprodil
may be due to its side effects. Therefore, in the present study, we tested Ro25-6981, a more specific antagonist of GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors, and a lower concentration (3 mu M) of ifenprodil, which may reduce any possible side effects. Ro25-6981 (3 mu M) blocked both depotentiation(ex vivo) and late-phase long-term potentiation at T-LA synapses. While 10 mu M ifenprodil failed to inhibit depotentiation(ex vivo), a lower concentration (3 mu M) of ifenprodil blocked depotentiation(ex vivo). Together,
our findings suggest that depotentiation(ex vivo) requires GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Background Fedratinib Umbilical cord infection (omphalitis) is a risk factor for neonatal sepsis and mortality in low-resource settings where home deliveries are common. We aimed to assess the effect of umbilical-cord cleansing with 4% chlorhexidine (CHX) solution, with or without handwashing with antiseptic soap, on the incidence of omphalitis and neonatal mortality.
Methods We did a two-by-two factorial, cluster-randomised trial in Dadu, a rural area of Sindh province, Pakistan. Clusters were defined as the population covered by a functional traditional
birth attendant (TBA), and were randomly C1GALT1 allocated to one of four groups (groups A to D) with a computer-generated random number sequence. Implementation and data collection teams were masked to allocation. Liveborn infants delivered by participating TBAs who received birth kits were eligible for enrolment in the study. One intervention comprised birth kits containing 4% CHX solution for application to the cord at birth by TBAs and once daily by family members for up to 14 days along with soap and educational messages promoting hand washing. One intervention was CHX solution only and another was handwashing only. Standard dry cord care was promoted in the control group. The primary outcomes were incidence of neonatal omphalitis and neonatal mortality. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00682006.