This approach details a procedure for calculating the geometrical design that will yield a defined physical field distribution.

A virtual boundary condition, the perfectly matched layer (PML), is employed in numerical simulations to absorb light from all incident angles; however, its practical realization within the optical realm is still insufficient. Maternal immune activation Through the integration of dielectric photonic crystals and material loss, this work showcases an optical PML design boasting near-omnidirectional impedance matching and a tailored bandwidth. Absorption efficiency surpasses 90% for incident angles up to 80 degrees. Our microwave proof-of-principle experiments validate the predictions of our simulations. To achieve optical PMLs, our proposal provides the path, potentially opening doors for future photonic chip integration.

Ultra-low noise levels in recently developed fiber supercontinuum (SC) sources have been crucial in pushing the boundaries of research across diverse fields. However, the application's requirements for maximized spectral bandwidth and minimized noise are simultaneously challenging to satisfy, a difficulty that has been overcome so far by compromise, including fine-tuning the attributes of a single nonlinear fiber, thus modifying the injected laser pulses into a broadband SC. A hybrid approach, which separates the nonlinear dynamics into two distinct, discrete fibers, forms the basis of this investigation. One fiber is optimized for nonlinear temporal compression and the other is optimized for spectral broadening. This development unlocks fresh design parameters, facilitating the selection of the ideal fiber type at each step of the superconductor creation process. This hybrid approach is evaluated through experimental and simulation data analysis for three widely-used, commercially available highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) designs, with a focus on the flatness, bandwidth, and relative intensity noise characteristics of the resultant supercontinuum (SC). Our analysis of the results reveals that the hybrid all-normal dispersion (ANDi) HNLF technology exhibits a unique synergy of broad spectral bandwidths, indicative of soliton effects, and extremely low noise and smooth spectra, typical of normal dispersion nonlinearities. Ultra-low noise single-photon sources, scalable in repetition rate, can be readily implemented through a simple and cost-effective approach utilizing Hybrid ANDi HNLF, finding applications in biophotonic imaging, coherent optical communication, and ultrafast photonics.

Using the vector angular spectrum approach, this paper explores the nonparaxial propagation of chirped circular Airy derivative beams (CCADBs). Nonparaxial propagation does not diminish the CCADBs' excellent autofocusing performance. To control nonparaxial propagation properties like focal length, focal depth, and K-value, the derivative order and chirp factor are two key physical parameters within CCADBs. A detailed analysis and discussion of the radiation force on a Rayleigh microsphere, inducing CCADBs, is presented within the nonparaxial propagation model. Derivative order CCADBs do not uniformly exhibit a stable microsphere trapping outcome, according to the results. Coarse and fine adjustments to the capture effect of a Rayleigh microsphere are possible using the beam's derivative order and chirp factor, respectively. This work facilitates the more precise and versatile utilization of circular Airy derivative beams, extending their application to optical manipulation, biomedical treatment, and related domains.

Chromatic aberrations in Alvarez lens-equipped telescopic systems are subject to modification by the degree of magnification and the size of the visual field. The flourishing field of computational imaging prompts the development of a two-step optimization strategy for diffractive optical elements (DOEs) and post-processing neural networks, to specifically address achromatic aberration issues. For optimization of the DOE, we initially use the iterative algorithm, followed by the gradient descent method, and then subsequently employ U-Net to further refine the obtained results. The optimized Design of Experiments (DOEs) improve the results obtained, particularly the gradient descent optimized DOE with U-Net, which displays a superior and robust performance when simulating chromatic aberrations. VU0463271 The observed results support the validity of our algorithmic approach.

The widespread applicability of augmented reality near-eye display (AR-NED) technology has sparked considerable interest. Mexican traditional medicine Simulation design and analysis of 2D holographic waveguide integration, fabrication of holographic optical elements (HOEs), prototype testing, and subsequent image analysis are presented in this paper. A 2D holographic waveguide AR-NED, integrated with a miniature projection optical system, is presented in the system design to yield a greater 2D eye box expansion (EBE). A method for achieving consistent luminance across 2D-EPE holographic waveguides is proposed, utilizing a division of the two HOE thicknesses, and this results in a straightforward fabrication procedure. The 2D-EBE holographic waveguide, engineered using HOE, is comprehensively detailed regarding its optical design principles and methods. The proposed system fabrication procedure includes a laser-exposure method aimed at reducing stray light in holographic optical elements (HOEs), demonstrated by the construction of a working prototype. The characteristics of the fabricated HOEs, as well as the prototype's attributes, are analyzed in detail. The experimental results for the 2D-EBE holographic waveguide confirmed a 45-degree diagonal field of view, a 1 mm thin form factor, and an eye box of 13 mm by 16 mm at 18 mm eye relief. The Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) values, at 20 lp/mm, excelled at various FOVs and 2D-EPE positions, exceeding 0.2, with a 58% luminance uniformity.

In order to effectively characterize surfaces, perform semiconductor metrology, and conduct inspections, topography measurements are essential. High-throughput and accurate topography acquisition remains difficult due to the fundamental compromise between the surveyed area and the precision of the measurements within that area. Fourier ptychographic topography (FPT), a novel technique for topography, is established here, leveraging reflection-mode Fourier ptychographic microscopy. FPT yields both a broad field of view and high resolution, and its application allows for nanoscale precision in height reconstruction measurements. Our FPT prototype is structured around a custom-built computational microscope comprising programmable brightfield and darkfield LED arrays. By utilizing a sequential Gauss-Newton-based Fourier ptychographic phase retrieval, augmented with total variation regularization, the topography is reconstructed. We observe a synthetic numerical aperture of 0.84 and a diffraction-limited resolution of 750 nm, which amplifies the native objective NA (0.28) by a factor of three, across a 12 mm x 12 mm field of view. We empirically validate the FPT's performance across diverse reflective specimens, each exhibiting unique patterned structures. The reconstructed resolution is assessed for validity using both amplitude and phase resolution test criteria. The reconstructed surface profile's accuracy is tested using high-resolution optical profilometry measurements as a standard. Subsequently, we illustrate that the FPT maintains consistent surface profile reconstructions, even with the complexities of intricate patterns and fine features, which pose a challenge for standard optical profilometers. Our FPT system exhibits spatial noise of 0.529 nm and temporal noise of 0.027 nm.

Missions in deep space frequently employ narrow field-of-view (FOV) cameras, which are instrumental for extended-range observations. A theoretical investigation into the calibration of systematic errors for a narrow field-of-view camera explores how the camera's sensitivity reacts to star angle differences, using a system designed for observing such angles. The systematic errors in a camera having a small field of view are also classified into Non-attitude Errors and Attitude Errors. The on-orbit calibration strategies for both error types are investigated. The simulation data strongly suggests the proposed method is more effective in addressing on-orbit systematic error calibration for narrow field-of-view cameras than traditional methods.

For a thorough investigation of amplified O-band transmission performance over significant distances, we constructed an optical recirculating loop using a bismuth-doped fiber amplifier (BDFA). Single-wavelength and wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) transmission techniques were analyzed, exploring different varieties of direct-detection modulation schemes. We report on (a) transmission capabilities up to 550 km in a 50-Gb/s single-channel system operating at wavelengths from 1325nm to 1350nm, and (b) rate-reach products exceeding 576 Tb/s-km (after compensating for forward error correction overhead) in a 3-channel system.

This paper describes an optical system designed to display images in water, for use in aquatic displays. Aerial imaging, leveraging retro-reflection, forms the aquatic image. Light is brought together by a retro-reflector and beam splitter system. Light's redirection as it passes from air into another substance at the point of intersection causes spherical aberration, affecting the distance at which light rays converge. By filling the light source component with water, the converging distance is kept consistent, achieving conjugation of the optical system including the medium. Our simulations detailed the convergence of light as it traversed aquatic mediums. Through experimental validation using a prototype, the effectiveness of the conjugated optical structure was confirmed.

Microdisplays for augmented reality applications that feature high luminance and color are now most readily made with the promising LED technology.