All the researchers thank the Alberta IBD Consortium for its support. “
“Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is primarily treated with hepatic resection and/or locoregional therapy. When HCC recurs and further treatment is no longer possible owing to poor liver function, liver transplantation (LT) or living-donor LT (LDLT) is considered. Y 27632 The aim of this study was to clarify risk factors for tumor recurrence after LDLT

in patients with recurrent HCC. The study comprised 104 patients who had undergone LDLT because of end-stage liver disease with recurrent HCC. The recurrence-free survival rates after the LDLT were calculated. Risk factors for tumor recurrence were identified. The 1-, 3- and 5-year recurrence-free survival rates were 89.6%, 80.3% and 78.4%, respectively. By univariate analysis, the factors affecting recurrence-free survival were the sum of the largest tumor Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor size and number of tumors of 8 or more (P < 0.0001), des-γ-carboxy prothrombin of more than 300 mAU/mL (P = 0.0001), and a neutrophil-to-lymphocyte

ratio (NLR) of 4 or more (P = 0.0002), α-fetoprotein of more than 400 ng/mL (P = 0.0001) and bilobar tumor distribution (P = 0.046). A multivariate analysis identified independent risk factors for post-LDLT tumor recurrence including the sum of tumor size and number of tumors of 8 or more (P = 0.0004) and an NLR of 4 or more (P = 0.01). The 1- and 3- year recurrence-free survival rates in the recipients who had both risk factors were 30.0% and 15.0%, respectively. LDLT should not be performed for patients who have both independent risk factors after any treatments for HCC. “
“The health impact of alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking and obesity differs between Asian and Western countries. 上海皓元 The epidemiology of cancer and death related to these lifestyles are described in this article. In Japan, heavy alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking are rather high in men. While there is a worldwide anti-smoking policy, Japan is still on the way to aiming at this goal, and this delay in health promotion has maintained the high

impact of smoking, whether active or passive, on people’s health in that country. Public health policy should focus more strongly on the control of smoking and heavy drinking, especially among men. Maintaining the consumption of alcohol at a level below 46 g a day in men and 23 g a day in women appears to minimize the risks of mortality and cancer in the Japanese population. On the other hand, the obesity rate is low and being underweight is common both in men and women. Proportions of cancer attributable to a body mass index of 25 or more are only 0.5% in men and 1.1% in women. Given that many previous studies in Japanese and Asian populations have associated a low body mass index with an increased risk of cancer, the impact of being underweight—not only obese—may warrant further investigation.