However, the mechanisms of GCI formation are not fully understood. Cellular machinery for the formation of aggresomes has been linked to the biogenesis of the Lewy body, a characteristic α-synuclein-containing inclusion of Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Here, we examined whether GCIs contain the components of aggresomes by immunohistochemistry. Regorafenib datasheet Methods: Sections from five patients with MSA were stained immunohistochemically with antibodies against aggresome-related proteins and analysed in comparison with sections from five patients with no neurological disease. We evaluated the presence or absence

of aggresome-related proteins in GCIs by double immunofluorescence and immunoelectron Vorinostat molecular weight microscopy. Results: GCIs were clearly immunolabelled with antibodies against aggresome-related proteins, such as γ-tubulin, histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) and 20S proteasome subunits. Neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCIs) were also immunopositive for these aggresome-related proteins. Double immunofluorescence staining and quantitative

analysis demonstrated that the majority of GCIs contained these proteins, as well as other aggresome-related proteins, such as Hsp70, Hsp90 and 62-kDa protein/sequestosome 1 (p62/SQSTM1). Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated immunoreactivities for γ-tubulin and HDAC6 along the fibrils comprising GCIs. Conclusions: Our results indicate that GCIs, and probably NCIs, share at least some characteristics with aggresomes in terms of their protein components. Therefore, GCIs and NCIs may be another manifestation of aggresome-related inclusion bodies observed in neurodegenerative diseases. “
“Fasciculation and elongation protein zeta-1 (FEZ1) is a critical regulator Etoposide mw of dopaminergic neurone differentiation and dopamine release. However, to date, few studies evaluating the expression patterns of FEZ1 in Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and cellular localization of FEZ1 in a rat model of PD and to explore the role

of FEZ1 in PD pathogenesis. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: a PD group and a sham group. A model of PD was established by injecting 6-Hydroxydopamine Hydrobromide (6-OHDA) into the right medial forebrain bundle of rats. Sham-lesioned rats were infused with equivalent amounts of saline and served as controls. The expression levels of FEZ1 mRNA and protein in striatum and substantia nigra were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and by Western blot analysis respectively. Immunohistochemistry was performed to identify the cellular localization of FEZ1 in sham-lesioned and PD rats. Western blot and real-time PCR analyses demonstrated that FEZ1 was present in normal rat brain striatum and substantia nigra. After the 6-OHDA injection, FEZ1 expression gradually increased, peaked and then decreased.