Boosting by electroporation significantly enhanced p. DOM-PASD1(1). Only p. DOMPASD1(1) induced cytotoxic T-lymphocytes Elacridar nmr (CTLs) were able to lyse human MM target cells expressing endogenous antigen. The p. DOM-PASD1FL vaccine predominantly induced strong PASD1(1) over PASD1(2) T-cell immune responses, indicative of immunodominance. Importantly, p. DOM-PASD1FL generated immune-mediating killing of native chimeric MM cells, in the absence of exogenous added peptide, implicating PASD1(1) specific CTLs. These data demonstrate that PASD1-derived epitopes are both efficiently and selectively

processed and presented by native human MM cells. Notably, they permit the use of PASD1-encoding DNA vaccine therapy in a clinical setting. Leukemia (2010) 24, 1951-1959; doi:10.1038/leu.2010.196; published online 23 September 2010″
“Personality is associated with specific emotion regulation styles presumably linked with unique brain activity patterns. By using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 26 individuals, the neural responses to threatening IPI145 ic50 (fearful and angry) facial and bodily expressions were investigated in relation to negative affectivity

and social inhibition. A negative correlation was observed between negative affectivity and activation of the amygdala, fusiform gyrus, insula and hippocampus. Increased activation following threatening stimuli was observed in the left temporo-parietal junction and right extrastriate body area correlating with more social inhibition traits. Interestingly, the orbitofrontal cortex, superior temporal LY3023414 ic50 sulcus, inferior frontal gyrus

(Brodmann area 45) and temporal pole correlated negatively with negative affectivity and positively with social inhibition. Whereas individuals with increased negative affectivity tend to de-activate the core emotion system, socially inhibited people tend to over-activate a broad cortical network. Our findings demonstrate effects of personality traits on the neural coding of threatening signals. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The ability to accurately localize both tactile and painful sensations on the body is one of the most important functions of the somatosensory system. Most accounts of localization refer to the systematic spatial relation between skin receptors and cortical neurons. The topographic organization of somatosensory neurons in the brain provides a map of the sensory surface. However, systematic distortions in perceptual localization tasks suggest that localizing a somatosensory stimulus involves more than simply identifying specific active neural populations within a somatotopic map. Thus, perceptual localization may depend on both afferent inputs and other unknown factors. In four experiments, we investigated whether localization biases vary according to the specific skin regions and subset of afferent fibers stimulated. We represented localization errors as a ‘perceptual map’ of skin locations.