5% (w/v) yeast extract and 1% (w/v) NaCl) containing 75 μg ampicillin mL−1 and 50 μg chloramphenicol mL−1. Cultures grown to saturation (16 h at 37 °C) were added as 2%; (v/v) inocula for

batch cultivation in the MOPS medium (Karim et al., 1993) with orbital agitation at 125 rev. min−1 for 18 h at 22 °C. The isolated cells were subfractionated into cytosolic, membrane and periplasmic fractions as described previously (Kaderbhai et al., 2004). The membrane pellets were homogenized in 8 M urea followed by centrifugation at 200 000 g for 1.5 h at 4 °C. The soluble enzyme in the supernatant was recovered in a folded form by rapid dilution with 10 mM Tris–HCl (pH 8) to a final Angiogenesis inhibitor concentration of 0.8 M urea. Seliciclib ic50 A LH gene with a Ser codon substituted for 143Cys codon was constructed in vector pINK-LH-His4 by PCR using primers introducing a unique SacI site: EcoRI (set 1) For-EcoRI-phoA: 5′-AAGAATTCTCATGTTTGACAGCTT-3′ SacI (set 1) Rev-LH-Δ143CysSer: 5′-TTGAGCTCTGGGACGACCAGGTCAGTTTG-3′ SacI (set 2) For-LH-Δ143CysSer: 5′-TAGAGCTCCGATCCAAAAAAAATGCAGG-3′ EcoRV (set 2) Rev-LH-His4:5′-TAGATATCTTAATGGTGATGGTGTTGCGCGCCCGTATCGCT-3 PCR amplification of

the two fragments of 810 and 1580 bp was cut with SacI, ligated and the gene was re-amplified with the primers For-EcoRI-phoA and Rev-LH-His4. The amplified luh gene containing the 143CysSer mutation was then ligated into Thymidylate synthase EcoRI-EcoRV precut vector pGEM-T-EASY® to give plasmid pGEM-LH-His4-Δ143CysSer. This plasmid was transformed into E. coli TB1 cells, and plasmid DNA from the selected positive clone was mapped by dual cleavage with EcoRI-SacI and further sequenced to confirm that the Cys codon had been replaced successfully by the Ser codon. To obtain a mutant with

both 124Cys and 143Cys codons, pGEM-LH-His4-Δ143CysSer plasmid DNA was used as a template in a PCR-based approach, and a Ser codon was substituted in place of the second 124Cys codon downstream of LH gene by PCR. The following two sets of primers introduced a unique XhoI site: EcoRI (set 1) For-EcoRI-phoA (sequence shown above) XhoI (set 1) Rev-LH-Δ124CysSer: 5′-TGTGAGTTGTCCTCGAGACAGCGAGAAGCTTAGAGTAGGAGC-3′ XhoI (set 2) For-LH-Δ124CysSer: 5′-CTGTCTCGAGGACAACTCACAAACTGACCTGGTCGTCCC-3′ EcoRV (set 2) Rev-LH-His4 (sequence shown above) PCR amplification produced two fragments of 760 and 1630 bp which were eluted from an agarose gel, cut with XhoI and run in a second agarose gel. The XhoI cut fragments were re-eluted from the second gel, ligated and the whole gene was re-amplified with primers For-EcoRI-phoA and Rev-LH-His4. The amplified luh gene with a 124,143Cys mutation was ligated into the EcoRI-EcoRV-precut vector pBlue-Script® giving plasmid, pBlue-LH-His4-Δ124,143CysSer and transformed into E. coli TB1.