Adverse effects: in the Phase II clinical trial, severe adverse events occurred with similar frequency in both ocrelizumab treatment groups. Severe adverse events were systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), hypersensitivity reactions, oral herpes simplex, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (based on a preexisting lesion) and fear. Moreover, one case of death occurred due to SIRS with high-dose ocrelizumab. Raf inhibitor Ofatumumab is a human monoclonal B cell-depleting anti-CD20 antibody. Preparations and administration: ofatumumab is currently

approved for the treatment of chronic lymphatic leukaemia. It is administered intravenously on days 1 and 15. Clinical trials: in a small Phase II trial (a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multi-centre, dose-finding

trial of ofatumumab in RRMS patients) a total of 38 patients with RRMS received either ofatumumab (2 × 100 mg, 2 × 300 mg or 2 × 700 mg i.v.) or placebo for 24 weeks and were switched to either placebo or ofatumumab for another 24 weeks, respectively. GPCR & G Protein inhibitor Patients in both study groups exhibited a sustained reduction of inflammatory lesions on MRI at the end of the study [75]. Another Phase II trial (a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-ranging study to investigate the MRI efficacy and safety of 6 months’ administration of ofatumumab in subjects with RRMS) is currently ongoing to compare ofatumumab (1 × 3 mg, 1 × 30 mg or 1 × 60 mg s.c. every 12 weeks or 1 × 60 mg

s.c. every 4 weeks for a total of 24 weeks with subsequent observation for another 24 weeks) to placebo in approximately 200 patients with RRMS with regard to its impact on different MRI parameters as well as safety and tolerability [76]. To the best of our knowledge, there is currently no clinical trial that has evaluated ofatumumab in patients with CIDP. Adverse effects: in the Phase II clinical trial there were no dose-limiting toxic effects or unexpected safety risks with ofatumumab [75]. Daclizumab is a humanized, monoclonal Florfenicol antibody which binds and inactivates the alpha-chain of the IL-2-receptor (CD25 antigen) on T cells. IL-2 is crucial for the activation and proliferation of T cells. Daclizumab is also supposed to increase the number of natural killer cells which, in turn, attack (autoreactive) T cells. Preparations and administration: daclizumab is administered subcutaneously every 2–4 weeks. Clinical trials: a Phase II trial (daclizumab in patients with active, relapsing MS on concurrent interferon-beta therapy – CHOICE) with 230 patients with RRMS compared daclizumab (2 mg/kg every 2 weeks or 1 mg/kg every 4 weeks s.c.) plus IFN-β-1a (3 × 44 μg/week) to placebo plus IFN-β-1a for 24 weeks. High- but not low-dose daclizumab reduced the number of newly occurring or enlarging gadolinium-enhancing lesions on MRI by 72% (P = 0·004) [77].