“
“BACKGROUND: Zero valent iron (ZVI) is expected to be helpful for creating an enhanced anaerobic environment that might improve the performance of the anaerobic process. Based on this idea, a ZVI packed upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (ZVI-UASB) was developed to enhance azo dye wastewater treatment.

RESULTS: The ZVI-UASB reactor was less influenced by a decrease in the operational temperature from 35 degrees C to 25 degrees C than

a reference UASB reactor that did not contain ZVI. In addition, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and color removal efficiencies of the ZVI-UASB reactor at an HRT of 12 h exceeded those of the reference reactor at an HRT of 24 h. The hydraulic circulation in the ZVI bed Akt inhibitor enhanced the function of ZVI so that it improved the COD and

color removal efficiencies. Moreover, fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments revealed that the abundance of Archaea in the sludge of the ZVI bed was significantly higher than that at the reactor bottom, which made the reactor capable of greater COD removal undertow temperature and short HRT conditions.

CONCLUSION: This ZVI-UASB reactor could adapt well to changes in the operational conditions during wastewater treatment. C) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Phytochemical investigation of the fresh tubers of Ophiopogon japonicus led to the isolation of two new furostanol Geneticin saponins (1 and 2) together with two known steroidal saponins (3 and 4). Comprehensive spectroscopic analysis allowed the chemical structures of two new compounds to be elucidated as (25R)-26-O-[-d-glucopyranosyl-(12)--d-glucopyranosyl]-5-ene-furost-1,3,22,26-tetraol-3-O–l-rhamnopyranosyl-(12)-[-d-xylopyranosyl-(14)]–d-glucopyranoside Blebbistatin research buy (1, ophiopogonin P) and (25R)-26-O-[-d-glucopyranosyl-(16)--d-glucopyranosyl]-5-ene-furost-1,3,22,26-tetraol-3-O–l-rhamnopyranosyl-(12)-[-d-xylopyranosyl-(14)]–d-glucopyranoside

(2, ophiopogonin Q). Furostanol saponins with the disaccharide chain linked at C-26 hydroxy group of the aglycone have been rarely reported from natural sources.”
“BACKGROUND: Photocatalysis is one of the advanced oxidation processes that has gained in importance over recent years owing to its ability to decompose a wide range of organic and inorganic pollutants at ambient temperature and pressure. However, there are two essential issues regarding photocatalytic processes, i.e. limitations on photon transfer and on mass transfer. In the present study, a novel photo-impinging streams reactor, which can minimize such limitations, has been utilized in the photocatalytic degradation of phenol. The design and operating parameters such as type of nozzle, flow rate, catalyst loading, pH, initial phenol concentration and light intensity were found to have the expected impact on the efficiency of the process. The effects of two different co-oxidants, H2O2 and Na2S2O8 on the photocatalysis were also examined.