(C) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 119: 1239-1247, 2011″
“Previous studies have shown rapid and extensive genomic instability associated with early stages of allopolyploidization in wheat. However, these studies are based on either VX-680 in vitro a few pre-selected genomic loci or genome-wide analysis of a single plant individual for a given cross combination, thus making the extent and generality of the changes uncertain. To further study the generality and characteristics of allopolyploidization-induced genomic instability in wheat, we investigated genetic and epigenetic changes from

a genome-wide perspective (by using the AFLP and MSAP markers) in four sets of newly synthesized allotetraploid wheat lines with various genome constitutions, each containing three randomly chosen individual plants at the same generation. We document that although general chromosomal stability was characteristic of all four sets

of allotetraploid wheat lines, genetic and epigenetic changes at the molecular level occurred in all these plants, with both kinds of changes classifiable into two distinct categories, i.e., stochastic and directed. The abundant type of genetic change is loss of parental bands while the prevalent cytosine methylation pattern alteration is hypermethylation at the CHG sites. Our results have extended previous studies regarding allopolyploidization-induced genomic dynamics in wheat by demonstrating CAL-101 chemical structure the generality of both genetic and epigenetic changes associated with multiple nascent allotetraploid wheat lines, and providing novel insights into the characteristics of the two kinds of induced genomic instabilities.”
“The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect JIB-04 order of religious

practice on the prevalence, severity, and patterns of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in a Thai elderly population with the same ethnicity and culture but different religions. A house-to-house survey was conducted in two subdistricts of Phranakhon Sri Ayutthaya province where inhabitants are a mixture of Buddhists and Muslims. One hundred fifty-three Buddhists and 150 Muslims aged a parts per thousand yen 50 years were evaluated demographically, physically, and radiographically. Those suffering knee pains were questioned about severity using the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores and examined for their range of knee motion. Radiographic knee OA (ROA) was defined as Kellgren-Lawrence radiographic grade a parts per thousand yen2 while symptomatic knee OA (SOA) was defined as knee symptoms of at least 1 month in a knee with ROA. Muslims had on average a higher number of daily religious practices than their Buddhist neighbors (p < 0.001). The prevalence of knee pain and ROA was significantly higher in Buddhists than in Muslims (67.11 vs. 55.80, p = 0.