Consequently, I73T still allows for the production of mature SP C in vivo. Stable transfection of MLE 12 cells with SP CWT or SP CI73T led to the intracellular accumulation of proSP CI73T processing intermediates which were not found in Bicalutamide buy cells with proSP CWT, but corresponded well to species in the BAL fluid of patients with this mutation. The first step in proSP C processing is a cleavage at the C terminal end. Using an EGFP tag fused to the C terminus of proSP C showed no difference in pro cessing intermediates of proSP CWT and proSP CI73T. This means that the first cleavage step happening at C terminus is not influenced by this mutation and the mutation does not interfere with the export from the ER and Golgi, because this cleavage occurs after trafficking through these compartments.

In addition, immunofluorescence assays showed neither proSP CWT nor proSP CI73T retention in the ER compartment, supporting the conclusions made from the immunoblots. To examine the proces sing following the first C terminal cleavage, we applied N terminal protein tags. Dominant proSP CWT inter mediates, that were also identified for proSP CI73T, were the species after the first C terminal cleavage, and the species before the first N terminal cleavage. The primary full length translation product was only faintly detectable for proSP CWT. Expression of proSP C in this model is under control of a CMV promoter, not the native SP C promoter. It is therefore unlikely that a feedback mechanism is responsible for a higher expression of proSP CI73T intermediates.

It is more likely that the I73T mutation slows down the pro cessing and or trafficking of the mutant proSP C, lead ing to accumulation of incompletely processed proSP C. It is not known how this mutation affects the folding of proSP C, but subtle changes in conformation may also be responsible for the abundance of another processing intermediate, of size 17 kDa. This intermediate can be found in the BAL fluid of patients with the I73T mutation, suggesting that this proSP C form is being secreted from AECII along with the mature SP C that is produced by AECII regardless of the presence of the I73T mutation. Immunofluorescence assay of stably transfected MLE 12 showed that proSP CI73T colocalized often with EEA1 positive vesicles, confirming our pre vious report.

Early endosomes generally contain material that is taken up by endocytosis and is either recycled or routed for degradation. Up to 80% of used lung surfactant is known to Anacetrapib be reinternalized by AECII from alveolar space. Although immunofluor escence does not allow the distinction between different EGFP positive species depicted in Figure 1B, we specu late that the proSP CI73T species in the EEA1 positive compartment might be primarily the additional prepro tein species accumulating in the I73T mutant.