CrossRef 26. Niino M, Kikuchi S, Fukazawa T, Yabe I, Tashiro K: Genetic polymorphisms of osteopontin in association with multiple sclerosis in Japanese

patients. J Neuroimmunol 2003, 136:125–129.PubMedCrossRef 27. Wu CY, Wu MS, Chiang EP, Wu CC, Chen YJ, Chen CJ, Chi NH, Chen GH, Lin JT: Elevated plasma osteopontin associated with gastric cancer development, invasion and survival. Gut 2007, 56:782–789.PubMedCrossRef 28. Chang YS, Kim HJ, Chang J, Ahn CM, Kim SK: Elevated circulating level of osteopontin is associated with advanced disease state of non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Canc 2007, 57:373–380.CrossRef 29. Brown LF, Papadopoulos-Sergiou A, Berse B, Manseau EJ, Tognazzi Epigenetics inhibitor K, Perruzzi CA, Dvorak HF, Senger DR: Osteopontin expression and distribution in human carcinomas. Am J Pathol 1994, 145:610–623.PubMed 30. Schultz J, Lorenz P, Ibrahim SM, Kundt G, Gross G, Kunz M: The functional -443T/C osteopontin promoter polymorphism PND-1186 influences osteopontin gene expression in melanoma cells via binding of c-Myb transcription factor.

Mol Carcinog 2009, 48:14–23.PubMedCrossRef 31. Iwasaki H, Shinohara Y, Ezura Y, Ishida R, Kodaira M, Kajita M, Nakajima T, Shiba T, Emi M: Thirteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the human osteopontin gene identified by sequencing of the entire gene in Japanese individuals. J Hum Genet 2001, 46:544–546.PubMedCrossRef Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’ contributions YZC and JML defined the research theme. YZC and HCL designed methods and experiments, carried out the laboratory experiments, analyzed the data. WLW and YL co-worked on associated data collection and their interpretation. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer deaths in the United States and Canada. The disease is expected to be diagnosed in approximately 142,820 Americans in 2013, and an estimated 50,830 people are expected to die of CRC in that year [1]. In Canada an estimated 23,900 Canadians will be diagnosed with CRC in 2013, and 9,200 Canadians will die of the disease [2]. In the National

Polyp Study, AZD0530 price colonoscopy with adenoma removal was associated with a reduction in CRC as high as 90% [3]. Recently, medroxyprogesterone however, several reports have questioned whether colonoscopy as practiced in the community reduces CRC and mortality to the same degree as that reported by highly specialized cancer centers [4–7]. Studies have found that although colonoscopy effectiveness is high for lesions that arise on the left side of the colon, the procedure fails to confer similar levels of protection from CRC incidence and mortality in right-sided lesions. In 2009, a case–control study of colonoscopy in Ontario, Canada, reported that although the procedure reduced mortality from left-sided lesions by about 40%, no reduction in deaths was evident when CRC originated in the right colon [4].