e., 25 mg naltrexone vs placebo), and testing higher doses might have yielded different results. The long study treatment length (i.e., 26 weeks) may have contributed to high rates of drop out. Although participants selleck were instructed not to diet, adherence to these instructions was not measured, and participants might have engaged in weight control practices that could possibly alter study outcomes. In summary, treatment with low-dose naltrexone does not significantly reduce weight gain or improve smoking cessation in highly weight-concerned smokers. Given that this population gained relatively little weight even on placebo, cognitive interventions to reduce weight concerns (Perkins et al., 2001) in combination

with approved smoking cessation pharmacotherapy are preferable. Nevertheless, there may be other sub-populations of smokers at risk of substantial weight gain following smoking cessation for whom the weight suppressing effects of naltrexone might be of benefit. This research was supported by National Institutes of Health grants click here [P50-AA15632 (to SOM),

K12-DA000167 (to BAT), K05-AA014715 (to SOM), K23 DK071646 (to MAW)] from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institute on Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), and by the State of Connecticut, Department of Mental Health and Addictions Services (DMHAS). Portions of the naltrexone and nicotine patches used in this study were donated by Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals and GlaxoSmithKline, respectively. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIAAA, NIDA, NIDDK, the National Institutes of Health (NIH), or DMHAS. The NIAAA, NIDA, NIDDK, DMHAS, Mallinckrodt

Pharmaceuticals, and GlaxoSmithKline had no further role in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; or in the decision to submit the paper for publication. Dr. Urease Stephanie O’Malley obtained the grant that funded this project. Drs. Benjamin Toll and Stephanie O’Malley designed the study, wrote the protocol, conducted the study, conducted literature searches, were involved in analyses, and were involved in writing and finalizing the manuscript. Ms. Ran Wu undertook the statistical analysis. Dr. Robert Makuch supervised statistical analysis and wrote sections of the Results section of the manuscript. Dr. Marney White was involved in the conduct of the study, supervision of statistical analysis, and editing the manuscript. Dr. Boris Meandzija was involved in conducting the study. Dr. Peter Jatlow ran the cotinine assays for the study and was involved in editing the manuscript. All authors contributed to and have approved the final manuscript. At the time the study was conducted, Drs.