In Experiment 1, digit span was assessed with different presentation and response modalities using lists of digits of varying lengths. In Experiment 2, the articulatory rehearsal system was analyzed by measurement of word length and articulatory suppression effects. Experiment 3 was devoted to analyzing the phonological short-term store (ph-STS) by the recency effect, the phonological similarity effect, short-term forgetting, and unattended speech. Data suggested a possible key role of the semantic component of the processed material, which was tested in Experiment 4, in which word and nonword-serial recall with

or without interpolating activity were analyzed.

The patient showed noticeably

reduced scores in the tasks that primarily or exclusively engaged activity of the ph-STS, namely those of Experiment 3, and good performance in the tests that investigated the recirculation Idasanutlin in vitro of verbal information. This pattern of results implicates the ph-STS as the cognitive locus of the patient’s deficit. This report demonstrates selleck compound a cerebellar role in encoding and/or strengthening the phonological traces in vWM. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Interstitial leucocyte infiltration, a prominent feature of lupus nephritis, predicts deterioration of renal function. We used two models of lupus nephritis in mice, one with chronic spontaneous disease and

the other with acute interferon-alpha (IFN alpha)-mediated disease. The latter is characterized by the virtual absence of interstitial infiltration. In vivo migration assays showed that splenic leukocytes from spontaneously nephritic mice tended to migrate into non-inflamed syngeneic kidneys. This was enhanced if the recipient kidneys were DOK2 already inflamed. Kidneys from both chronically and acutely nephritic mice showed similar ability to recruit splenic leukocytes from chronically diseased mice. Leukocytes from acutely diseased mice, however, failed to migrate into chronically inflamed kidney. Compared with those with chronic nephritis, the kidneys of acute nephritic mice expressed less of the inflammatory chemokine CXCL13/BLC. Moreover, leukocytes from acute nephritic mice displayed impaired migration, in vitro, to T-cell chemokine attractants. This study links leukocyte infiltration to both kidney chemokine expression, and leukocyte chemotaxis to kidney-expressed chemokines.”
“Episodic memory impairment is commonly observed in patients with epilepsy associated with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS). Prospective memory (PM) is a set cognitive abilities that allow future performance of a present intention, in response to time- or event-based evocation cues, that trigger the intended action at the appropriate time. PM has not been evaluated in mesial temporal sclerosis.