“
“In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), dysregulated expression of microRNA-224 (miR-224) and

impaired autophagy have been reported separately. However, the relationship between them has not been explored. In this study we determined that autophagy is down-regulated and inversely correlated with miR-224 expression Ganetespib in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated HCC patient specimens. These results were confirmed in liver tumors of HBV X gene transgenic mice. Furthermore, miR-224 was preferentially recruited and degraded during autophagic progression demonstrated by real-time polymerase chain reaction and miRNA in situ hybridization electron microscopy after extraction of autophagosomes. Our in vitro study demonstrated that miR-224 played an oncogenic role in hepatoma cell migration Selleck Compound Library and tumor formation through silencing its target gene Smad4. In HCC patients, the expression of low-Atg5, high-miR-224, and low-Smad4 showed significant correlation with HBV infection and a poor overall survival rate. Autophagy-mediated miR-224 degradation and liver tumor suppression were further confirmed by the autophagy inducer amiodarone and miR-224 antagonist using an orthotopic SD rat model. Conclusion: A noncanonical pathway links autophagy, miR-224, Smad4, and HBV-associated HCC. These findings open

a new avenue for the treatment of HCC. (Hepatology 2014;59:505–517) “
“Recent studies suggested that interleukin 28B (IL28B) polymorphisms may affect spontaneous clearance (SC) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Our purpose Edoxaban was to update the meta-analysis to reevaluate the impact of IL28B rs12979860 and rs8099917 polymorphisms on SC in patients infected with HCV. We searched

PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase up to February 2013. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by fixed- or random-effects models. Heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were also assessed. Seventeen eligible papers were involved in this study. The SC rate was higher in patients with the rs12979860 CC (vs CT/TT OR = 2.98, 95% CI 2.53–3.50) and rs8099917 TT (vs GT/GG OR = 2.80, 95% CI 2.23–3.51) in the IL28B polymorphisms. Ethnicity stratification revealed that rs12979860 CC was associated with SC for Caucasians (vs CT/TT OR = 3.05, 95% CI 2.67–3.49), Asians (vs CT/TT OR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.33–2.66), and Africans (vs CT/TT OR = 3.15, 95% CI 2.39–4.15); rs8099917 TT was associated with SC for Caucasians (vs GT/GG OR = 2.48, 95% CI 1.96–3.15). IL28B rs12979860 and rs8099917 single nucleotide polymorphisms are significantly associated with SC of HCV infection. The predictive value of rs12979860 CC was stronger in Caucasians and Africans than in Asians. “
“Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is characterized by an abundant desmoplastic environment.