\n\nMethods and Results: Rats were Selleck BMS-754807 injected with NaHS (an H2S donor, 2-200 mu mol.kg(-1).day(-1), i.p.) or saline for 3 weeks. MBP was measured with a tail-cuff method. C erebral arterioles were isolated and cannulated

in an organ bath system, and vessel diameters were measured with an image-shearing device. Changes in diameter in response to stepwise increases in intravascular pressure (20-120 mmHg) were investigated under no-flow conditions. After the treatments, plasma H2S increased and MBP decreased significantly. NaHS reduced the myogenic response in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was markedly attenuated by glibenclamide, a K-ATP channel blocker. Blockade of nitric oxide (NO) production with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a NO synthase inhibitor) enhanced,

whereas removal of the endothelium abolished the inhibitory role of NaHS on the myogenic response.\n\nConclusions: For the first time it has been demonstrated that H2S decreases the myogenic response of cerebral arterioles in vivo, and this effect is MLN2238 molecular weight endothelium-dependent and partially mediated by K-ATP channels. (Circ J 2012; 76: 1012 1019)”
“BACKGROUND & AIMS: Liver X receptors (LXRs) are transcriptional regulators of cholesterol metabolism, controlling cholesterol flow into cells, catabolism, and efflux. Cholesterol controls cell proliferation; disruptions in cholesterol metabolism have been associated with the development of colon cancer. We investigated whether expression of activated LXR protects against intestinal tumorigenesis in mice. METHODS: We analyzed the development of colon cancer in mice that express a constitutive active form of LXR alpha only in the intestinal epithelium, under the control of villin promoter (iVP16LXR alpha). These mice were crossed with adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc)(min/+) mice,

or given azoxymethane followed by dextran sodium sulfate, to assess intestinal tumor formation. We also assessed proliferation and apoptosis of a human Mizoribine mouse colorectal cancer cell line (HT29) transfected with an adenoviral vector that expressed Ad VP16hLXR alpha, compared with cells expressing AdVP16 (control), and their ability to form xenograft tumors in mice. HT29 cells also were incubated with the LXR ligand GW3965. RESULTS: In human colorectal cancer cells, ligand-induced activation of LXR or transfection with Ad VP16hLXR alpha blocked the G1 phase, increased caspase-dependent apoptosis, and slowed growth of xenograft tumors in mice. iVP16LXR alpha mice formed fewer, smaller tumors than VP16 (control) mice after administration of azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate. APC(min/+)/iVP16LXR alpha mice also developed fewer, smaller intestinal tumors than APC(min/+)/iVP16 mice.