None of the controls were subsequently identified to be HIV positive after inclusion in the study. Throughout this period, there have been no variations in the type of surgery implemented for the treatment of this condition. All preoperative, perioperative and postoperative data were obtained by reviewing standardized clinical dates. For HIV-positive patients, we collected

the following information: date of diagnosis of HIV infection, total duration and types of antiretroviral treatment received, HIV stage [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classification] [24] and most recent CD4 T-lymphocyte count and viral load at the time of THA. The mean time from the onset of INFH symptoms to INFH diagnosis was calculated. The diagnosis Ipilimumab ic50 of INFH was established by conventional radiology (anteroposterior and axial) and, in specific cases, further confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or Technetium-99m (99mTC) gammagraphy. The severity of the lesions was classified according to the Ficat and Arlet radiological classification system [25]. All patients underwent preanaesthetic assessment according

to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) guidelines [26] Data on duration of hospitalization, time spent in surgery, postoperative drop in haemoglobin level and need for transfusion were collected. Preoperative and postoperative function was calculated Copanlisib chemical structure according to the Merlé d’Aubigné and Postel scale [27] For the purposes of the study, we assessed the following postoperative N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase complications: infection (pulmonary, urinary, surgical wound, joint, bone, septicaemia or fever of unknown origin), haemorrhage, surgical wound

dehiscence, thromboembolic complications, cardiac complications (myocardial infarction, arrhythmia or heart failure), respiratory complications (atelectasia or pneumonia), renal complications and luxation or displacement of the implant. Short-term (first year) and long-term (subsequent years) follow-up data obtained during regular visit check-ups (first visit 1 month after surgery, second visit 3 months after surgery, third visit 6 months after surgery, and then yearly) were reviewed for the purposes of the study, and clinically meaningful data were recorded for analysis. Quantitative variables were described by the mean and standard deviation (SD) and the median and interquartile range (25th; 75th percentiles). Qualitative variables were described by absolute frequencies and percentages. The Mann–Whitney U-test and Fisher’s exact test were used for statistical analyses in order to compare baseline homogeneity between groups. In order to evaluate the time to diagnosis, surgical duration, duration of hospitalization, evolution of haemoglobin and Merlé d’Aubigné functional scale, means and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% CIs were used to estimate risk for the Ficat and Arlet radiological classification system and the need for blood transfusion.