Subjects had at least one of 4 diagnoses: dVM/pVM, Meniere’s disease, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,

or chronic subjective dizziness.

Interventions: Subjects were divided into migraine (n = 164) and nonmigraine headache (n = 64) groups by International Headache Society criteria, then subdivided by those with vestibular symptoms related or unrelated to headache. Subjects meeting proposed criteria for dVM (n = 46) and pVM (n = 42) were identified. Statistical analyses investigated discriminating features and cohesiveness in each group, with or without comorbidity.

Main Outcome Measures: Characteristics of dVM and pVM.

Results: Migraine, particularly migraine with aura, was more often related

to vestibular symptoms than nonmigrainous headache. dVM PD0332991 molecular weight AZD6244 research buy and pVM groups did not differ in demographics, clinical histories, examinations, or vestibular testing. Numerous differences existed between dVM/pVM subjects with and without comorbid Meniere’s disease, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, or chronic subjective dizziness. The pVM group contained 4 subtypes.

Conclusion: These results support an association between vestibular symptoms and migraine but not proposed distinctions between dVM and pVM. pVM does not appear to be a coherent diagnostic entity. Comorbid conditions are important causes of vestibular symptoms in patients with migraine.”
“Objective: To document urodynamic practice in Wales in relation to newly released National Minimum Standards with a view to influencing organisational change. Methods: Three questionnaires, evaluating respectively, departmental practice, individual practice and the last 10 studies performed in that department, were sent to all departments performing urodynamics in Wales. Results 19/20 departments responded. Approximately 4,000 studies are performed annually in Wales. Three departments do not perform enough studies annually to meet minimum standards. The minimum standard of 30

studies annually is not met by most centers evaluating neuropathic patients or performing ambulatory tests. Eighty β-Nicotinamide cell line four percent of departments have a clinical lead, one quarter discuss urodynamics in the context of a multi-disciplinary team meeting and occasional audits are performed. Fifty-four staff perform urodynamics, of which 35 (65%) have attended a course. Ability to describe zeroing a transducer was scored out of 6 and respondents scored a median of 3/6. One hundred twenty two out of 168 (72%) of the studies audited asked a clear urodynamics question, but, in 22/168 (13%) this question was not answered. The urodynamics report was written immediately 85% of the time. Conclusion: Centers failing to meet the minimum standards for workload should consider their position in relation to standards and NICE guidance (UKCS, NICE).