The aim of this study is to determine the genetic relatedness of WA CA-MRSA clones within Milciclib order different MLST clonal clusters (CC) providing an insight into the frequency of S. aureus SCCmec acquisition within a region. The genetic profile of these clones may also offer an explanation why only a few WA CA-MRSA clones have successfully adapted to the community environment. Results The 83 unique PFGE strains isolated in Western Australia from 1989 to 2010 were nuc and mecA gene positive by PCR. The DNA microarray S. aureus species markers gapA (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase)

and rrn STAU (S. aureus ribosomal marker) were detected in all strains. The selleck chemicals llc array’s linear primer elongation method detected the katA (catalase A), coA (coagulase), nuc, spa (protein A) and sbi (IgG-binding protein) S. aureus species markers in 78 strains. These markers were either not detected or detected only by random amplification in five strains (WA8, WA47, WA72, WA76 and WA79). Forty six STs were identified by MLST. Using the MLST website’s eBURST V3 algorithm 45 STs were grouped into 18 CCs and two singletons (Figure 1). The CC for WA76 Vactosertib (ST1303) has not been determined. Figure 1 eBURST generated population snapshot of CA-MRSA clones isolated in Western Australia ()

http://​www.​mlst.​net/​. Each sequence types (STs) is represented by a black dot. The ancestral ST of a clonal complex is represented by a blue dot. The size of the dot reflects the number of WA CA-MRSA clones with this ST. STs that diverge at no more than one of the seven MLST loci belong to the same clonal complex. Double locus variants (DLVs) are included for if the linking single locus variant (SLV) was present in the MLST database. SLVs and DLVs of a sequence type are represented by pink and blue line respectively. Purple lines represent overlapping pink and blue lines. Several SCCmec types and subtypes, novel SCCmecs, and composite SCCmecs were identified. Forty five

strains harbor SCCmec IVa-d [2B] (31 IVa, 2 IVb, 9 IVc, 3 IVd), 12 strains SCCmec V [5C2] and two strains SCCmec VIII [4A]. Two strains have non typeable SCCmec IV subtypes and four strains have a SCCmec element with a novel ccr gene complex including three with a class B mec gene complex and one with a class A mec complex. Eighteen strains harbor SCCmec elements with composite ccr gene complexes including 12 with SCCmec V [5C2&5] (5C2 plus ccrC1 allele 8), three with SCCmec IVa [2B]&5 (2B plus a type 5 ccr gene complex), one with V (5C2)&2 (5C2 plus a type 2 ccr gene complex) and two with V [5C2&5]&2 (a composite SCCmec V element plus a type 2 ccr gene complex). The MLST, spa type, agr type, capsule type, SCCmec, antibiogram, resistance genotype, lukF/S-PVL genes, enterotoxin genes and bacteriophage associated virulence genes of each unique PFGE strain are provided in Additional File 1.