The examinations were performed four times with an interval of 4 weeks. An exercise group of 70 subjects was instructed to chew the exercise gum twice daily for 5 min during a 4-week period. The chewing gum used for this study was specially developed with the physical property of maintaining hardness during chewing. A control group of 28 subjects was instructed not to chew any gum during the study period. Results.  No significant

differences were found between the exercise group and the control group in MBF and a* values at the start of the study. After 4 weeks of chewing exercise, MBF and a* values were significantly Selleckchem Alectinib increased in the exercise group compared with those of the control group. These increases Z-VAD-FMK mouse were maintained for 4 weeks after exercise had finished. Conclusions.  Gum chewing exercise is effective to increase MBF and a* values of preschool children and the effects are maintained after exercise completion. “
“International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 374–381 Objective.  To investigate camera awareness of female dental nurses and nursery school children as the frequency of camera-related

behaviours observed during fluoride varnish applications in a community based health programme. Methods.  Fifty-one nurse–child interactions (three nurse pairs and 51 children) were video recorded when Childsmile nurses were applying fluoride varnish onto the teeth of children in nursery school settings. Using a pre-developed coding scheme, nurse and child verbal and nonverbal behaviours were coded for camera-related behaviours. Results.  On 15 of 51 interactions (29.4%), a total of 31 camera-related behaviours were observed for dental nurses (14 instances over nine interactions) and children (17 instances over six interactions). Camera-related behaviours occurred DCLK1 infrequently, occupied 0.3% of the total interaction time and displayed at all stages of the dental procedure, though tended to peak at initial stages. Conclusions.  Certain camera-related behaviours of female dental nurses

and nursery school children were observed in their interactions when introducing a dental health preventive intervention. Since the frequency of camera-related behaviours are so few they are of little consequence when video-recording adults and children undertaking dental procedures. “
“Objectives.  To assess the functional and psychosocial impact of oligodontia in children aged 11–14 years. Methods.  Children aged 11–14 years with oligodontia were recruited from orthodontic clinics when they presented for orthodontic evaluation. All completed a copy of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire for 11- to 14-year olds, a measure of the functional and psychosocial impact of oral disorders. Information on the number and pattern of missing teeth for each child were obtained from charts and radiographs. Results.  Thirty-six children were included in the study. The number of missing teeth ranged from one to 14 (mean = 6.8).