The PRNT method used was a serum dilution, constant virus PRNT50 performed in LLC-MK2 cells, as described by Russell et al. [11]. Paired serum samples from all

subjects were tested for antibodies against wild-type Beijing-1 strain. JE viruses belong to JE virus genotype III, the same genotype as LJEV. The end point for neutralization was the highest dilution of serum reducing plaques by 50%, compared with a negative serum control, determined by probit analysis. Seroprotection after LJEV was defined as at least 1:10 dilution as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) [12]. GMCs for measles and GMTs for JE were determined by ELISA and PRNT, respectively. Four weeks after measles vaccination, measles seroprotection rates http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ly2835219.html were 88.6% (Group 1), 91.8% (Group 2), and 86.5% (Group 3) (Table 2). As per the pre-specified primary objective, AZD8055 chemical structure Group 2 (concomitant MV and LJEV) measles seroprotection rates were

noninferior to Group 3 (MV alone) seroprotection rates with the lower bound of the 95% CI of the difference ≥−10% [difference (95% CI) = 5.3% (−0.9%; 11.5%)]. The GMCs for measles antibodies in Groups 1, 2, and 3 were 319, 302, and 263 mIU/mL, respectively (Table 2). JE seroprotection rates at 4 weeks postvaccination were 92.1% (Group 1), 90.5% (Group 2), and 90.6% (Group 3). Group 2 (concomitant MV and LJEV) was noninferior to Group 1 (LJEV alone) in terms of JE seroprotection rates [difference (95% CI) = −1.5% (−8.3%; 5.3%)] with the lower interval of the 95% CI ≥−10%. The GMTs for JE antibodies in Groups 1, 2, and 3 were 203, 155, and 139, respectively (Table 2). “
“The authors regret the

following errors in Sections 2.7, Isotretinoin 3.5 and 3.6 of their article Karanam et al., Vaccine 27 (2009) 1040–1049, and apologize for any confusion: at study entry, the three macaques numbered 746, 831 and 811 were aged 20.9, 10.5 and 14.4 years, respectively, and weighed 20.8 lbs, 19.2 lbs and 22.8 lbs, respectively. Each animal was vaccinated i.m. the deltoid on days 0, 26, 60 and the final bleed was day 89. The corrected values are underlined. “
“During the past decade an unprecedented number of important new vaccines were approved for use in economically advantaged countries but subsequent population access was seldom speedily achieved. The process by which new vaccines gain approval and ultimately reach consumers is increasingly complex as vaccine technology advances and costs increase. The approval process begins with in-depth review of vaccine properties and performance by the national biologics regulator, the successful conclusion of which is marketing authorization (or licensure in some countries). In theory, vaccine consumption can begin at this point. However, vaccines are best provided to populations through funded public programs, consideration of which requires additional review, usually by the national immunization technical advisory group (NITAG) [1].