Therefore, the present study was designed to clarify the possible relevancy of bidet usage to changes in vaginal microflora.
Methods:
Two hundred and sixty-eight non-pregnant women of reproductive age, with an increase in vaginal discharge, consented to enter the study. On outpatient visit, an aliquot of cervicovaginal secretion was obtained by a sterilized cotton swab and cultured using standard culture systems.
Results:
Normal microflora (Lactobacillus species) was not present in 42.86% of bidet toilet see more users, compared to 8.77% of non-users. Fecal bacteria were detected in 50 of
the 268 cases (18.66%), 46 cases in users (92%) and only 4 cases in non-users (8%). Contamination by other Selleck BMS-777607 pathogens
was 4 to 6 times higher in users than in non-users.
Conclusion:
Habitual use of bidet toilets aggravates vaginal microflora, either by depriving normal microflora or facilitating opportunistic infection of fecal bacteria and other microorganisms.”
“Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) are comparable nationally representative household surveys that have been conducted in more than 85 countries worldwide since 1984. The DHS were initially designed to expand on demographic, fertility and family planning data collected in the World Fertility Surveys and Contraceptive Prevalence Surveys, and continue to provide an important resource for the monitoring of vital statistics and population health indicators in low- and middle-income countries. The DHS collect a wide range of objective and self-reported data with a strong focus on indicators of fertility, reproductive health, maternal and child health, mortality, nutrition and self-reported health behaviours among adults. Key advantages of the DHS include high response rates, national
coverage, high quality interviewer training, standardized data collection procedures across countries and consistent content over time, Selleckchem Linsitinib allowing comparability across populations cross-sectionally and over time. Data from DHS facilitate epidemiological research focused on monitoring of prevalence, trends and inequalities. A variety of robust observational data analysis methods have been used, including cross-sectional designs, repeated cross-sectional designs, spatial and multilevel analyses, intra-household designs and cross-comparative analyses. In this profile, we present an overview of the DHS along with an introduction to the potential scope for these data in contributing to the field of micro- and macro-epidemiology. DHS datasets are available for researchers through MEASURE DHS at www.measuredhs.com.”
“Objective: To determine the efficacy, benefit, and safety of a new in-the-mouth bone conduction device (SoundBite Hearing System) for single-sided deafness (SSD).
Study Design: A multicenter, controlled, nonrandomized prospective unblinded study of SSD patients wearing the device.