2000) but an important feature of this phototrophic Belnacasan datasheet dinoflagellate species is its capability to eat other protists. Mixotrophy appears common amongdinoflagellates ( Sanders & Porter 1988, Li et al. 1996) and has been proposed to contribute to their success under varying nutrient conditions ( Stoecker et al. 1997). For example, Gyrodinium galatheanum has been observed eating cryptophytes in Chesapeake Bay ( Li et al. 1996). Here, the strong temporal correlation between Gyrodinium sp. and Hemiselmis sp. demonstrates their co-occurrence in the GSV and suggests that Hemiselmis sp. could be part of the diet of Gyrodinium sp. in the coastal waters of the

GSV. For diatoms, C. closterium was negatively correlated to salinity (ρ= –0.259, p<0.05) and NS wind direction (ρ= -0.350,

p0.001) During February, the community was dominated by the diatom C. closterium, a meroplanktonic species that can exploit a half-planktonic, half-benthic existence ( Round 1981). These species are resuspended in the water column by mixing events and return to the sediment under calm conditions ( Kingston 2009). C. closterium usually attains high densities in the water column following wind mixing events. In our study, the bloom of C. closterium corresponds to strong wind events (i.e. 15.44 ± 3.99 m s−1). Since the growth GSK1120212 clinical trial rate of this species has been observed to be much higher than that of many other diatom species ( Tanaka 1984), this could explain why it prospered in the favourable conditions and dominated the community in February. In contrast, Chaetoceros spp. bloomed in autumn and winter. It was positively correlated to the EW wind direction (ρ= 0.298, p<0.05) and N (ρ= 0.310, p<0.05) and negatively correlated to temperature (ρ= –0.551, p<0.001) and NS wind direction (ρ= –0.616, p<0.001). Species of the genus Chaetoceros may be harmful Baricitinib to fish, should their spines become lodged within gills. This diatom indeed has siliceous spikes and barbs which characterise its genus and can penetrate

the gill membranes of fish. The penetration of the spikes and barbs of the gill membranes would cause a reduction of gas exchange in the gills, caused by mucus production when the gill epithelium is irritated by the spines ( Rensel 1993). In 2013, a fish kill event occurred in the GSV and was related partly to species of the genus Chaetoceros ( PIRSA report 2013). Finally, for the haptophytes, Chrysochromulina spp. were negatively correlated to N (ρ= -0.280, p<0.001) but positively correlated to wind speed (ρ= 0.261, p<0.05) and EW wind direction (ρ= 0.360, p<0.001). On the other hand, Emiliania huxleyi was negatively correlated to N (ρ= -0.364, p<0.001), N:P ratio (ρ= -0.375, p<0.001) and EW wind direction (ρ= -0.405, p<0.001), and positively correlated to temperature (ρ= 0.381, p<0.001), wind speed (ρ= 0.353, p<0.001) and NS wind direction (ρ= 0.591, p<0.001). Here, E. huxleyi was negatively correlated to the N:P ratio. Previously, Lessard et al.