salviifolious while Cytinus with white pinkish

flowers parasitized pink-flowered C. albidus ( Fig. 1A and B). For convenience, the material used in this study will be EPZ015666 order referred to hereafter as CytinusY (yellow-flowered individuals, Fig. 1A) and CytinusP (pink-flowered individuals, Fig. 1B). Two populations of CytinusY (CY1 and CY2) and two populations of CytinusP (CP1 and CP2) were studied in southern Spain. CytinusY populations were located in the surroundings of the Doñana National Park (37°17′ N, 6°25′ W, 92 m.a.s.l.; and 37°18′ N, 6°25′ W, 100 m.a.s.l.) and CytinusP populations were located in the Sierra de Aracena y Picos de Aroche Natural Park (37°52′ N 6°40′ W, 730 m.a.s.l.; and 37°53′ N, 6°39′ W, 844 m.a.s.l.). To characterize the floral scent composition of Cytinus, volatiles were collected at the four Cytinus populations using the dynamic headspace methods as described by Dötterl et al. (2005a). Scent was collected from 4 to 5 inflorescences at each population. Samples were collected during

the day (13 inflorescences from four populations) and night (five inflorescences from two populations) since Cytinus flowers received both diurnal and nocturnal visits from ants ( de Vega et al., 2009). Female and male flowers were further analysed independently to study differences in floral scent between the genders (4–11 flowers of each sex, 9–18 flowers in total per inflorescence). Flowers were removed from the inflorescence, given

that they are sub-sessile, and are Obatoclax Mesylate (GX15-070) arranged in the inflorescence in such a way that floral scent of each gender could not be analysed independently unless flowers were cut Veliparib chemical structure ( Fig. 1A and B). To identify flower-specific scents we additionally collected volatiles from the inflorescence axis without flowers. Complete inflorescences were sampled in two of the populations to test for compounds induced by cutting. A comparison of complete inflorescence and flower scent samples revealed that floral scent was not influenced by removing the flowers from the inflorescence axis. From each inflorescence we therefore collected three sample groups, namely male flowers, female flowers and inflorescence axis. Overall we analysed the scent from 18 inflorescences and 32 floral samples (17 and 15 groups of female and male samples, respectively; three male samples and one female sample were discarded due to technical problems) (Table 1). For scent collection, either flowers or the stem were enclosed for 20 min within a polyethylene oven bag (10 cm × 10 cm), after which the emitted and accumulated volatiles were trapped for 2 min in a filter containing a mixture of 1.5 mg Tenax-TA (mesh 60–80; Supelco, Germany) and 1.5 mg Carbotrap B (mesh 20–40, Supelco, Germany). A battery-operated membrane pump (G12/01 EB, Rietschle Thomas, Puchheim, Germany) was used to generate a flow rate through the filter of 200 ml min−1.