gov.uk/). Table I. Recent community surveys of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Source: http://www.statistics.gov.uk. DAWBA. Development and Well Being Assessment; DISC, Diagnostic interviw Schedule for Children; CAPA, Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment … Table I also shows the diagnostic interviews that we used to assess the DSM-IV criteria in each of the surveys. More information about these interviews is provided in a comprehensive review of diagnostic interviews

for children by selleck chemical Nutlin-3a Calinoiu and Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical McClellan.16 In the following section, we summarize the selleckchem Pazopanib prevalence rates from prior studies, and those from new surveys that have not been included in prior reviews. Mood disorders in youth Depressive disorders Numerous studies have estimated the prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in community samples. Reviews of previous studies show a median prevalence estimate of 4.0% with a range from 0.2% to 17% for major depression.8 The current prevalence rates from newer studies of MDD shown in Table II reveals Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical a range from 0.6% in Great Britain to 3.0% in Puerto Rico. Rates of MDD in follow-up studies of community samples of children in early adulthood are strikingly high, with lifetime estimates of 23 .2 %17,18 to 33.5% in New Zealand19 and 43.3% in Oregon.20 Table II. Prevalence

rates of depression in recent community surveys. Source: http//www.statistics.gov.uk. Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Prevalence definitions: Point = current; 3 mo = months, 12 mo = 12 months Prevalence Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical estimates of dysthymia among adolescents and young adults are typically lower than those of major depression.21-23 In contrast, prevalence estimates of subthreshold depressive disorders and syndromes, including minor depression and depression not otherwise specified (NOS), are generally higher than those Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of major depression across all age groups.12-13,24-25 Among préadolescents, researchers report, either no gender differences in rates of depression or even higher rates in préadolescent boys.26 During adolescence, however, rates of depression are greater among females than among males,23,27-33

with differences persisting into middle adulthood.34 Longitudinal studies of community samples Batimastat of children and adolescents suggest an average age of onset between 11 and 14 years35 for MDD and depressive disorder (DD). Evidence from prospective epidemiologic studies reveals a large change in the prevalence of major depressive episodes after age ll.36 Prospective data from the Oregon Adolescent Depression Project showed that the rates of new onsets of depression increase from 1 % to 2% at age 13 and from 3% to 7% at age 15.20 The incidence of depression continues to increase throughout early adulthood.37 There do not appear to be gender differences in the average age of onset of MDR in the National Comorbidity Survey.20,38 Although studies of adults suggest that depression is associated with lower social class,39 findings from samples of children and adolescents are less consistent.