The NOF (in the US) advocates drug treatment in such patients without the need for bone mineral density (BMD) measurement,

except in young postmenopausal women [14]. The National Osteoporosis Guideline Group of UK recommends BMD measurement in patients aged between 60 and 80 years [15]. It should nonetheless be emphasized that treatment decisions should not be hampered by the unavailability of dual-energy X-ray machines for BMD measurement. A focus on BMD measurement prior to the initiation of anti-osteoporotic treatment in patients with a known history of fracture PI3K inhibitor may result in missed opportunities for treatment. Thus patients with hip fracture and satisfactory quality of life warrant treatment selleck chemicals llc to prevent future fractures. check details Unfortunately, the proportion of hip fracture patients prescribed with osteoporosis drugs remains low. In a report from Belgium, just 6% of previously untreated patients hospitalized for hip fractures were prescribed anti-osteoporotic therapy, with only 41% continuing treatment at 12 months: median treatment duration was 40 weeks [16]. Similarly, in a nationwide survey of 53,325 patients admitted with hip fracture to 318 hospitals in

the US, only 6.6% were prescribed calcium and vitamin D, and 7.3% anti-resorptive or bone-forming agents [17]. Despite limited data, there is apparently sufficient evidence to support initiation of pharmacological treatment for secondary fracture prevention in hip fracture patients. The objective PRKD3 of osteoporosis treatment is to decrease the risk of re-fracture. Additional benefits include improved quality of life, decreased risk of falls, and reduced mortality. Medical intervention includes non-pharmacological interventions, correction of reversible and secondary causes of bone loss, and anti-osteoporosis medication. Non-pharmacological prevention of fractures Nutrition and protein intake Adequate nutrition is vital for bone repair and to prevent further falls

but malnutrition is common in older men and women hospitalized for hip fracture [18]. A low score on the Mini-Nutritional Assessment is associated with a twofold increased risk of osteoporosis [19]. The relation between dietary protein intake and bone health is nonetheless controversial: diets high in protein have generally been considered to have adverse effects on bone health because the associated acid load may release calcium from the skeleton and cause bone loss. Darling et al. (2009) recently conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of both cross-sectional and prospective studies to clarify the relation between dietary protein intake and bone health in healthy adults [20].